Dragon shouts, Shouts or Thu'um in the Dragon language are an ancient form of magic used in Skyrim that's basically become lost outside of certain individuals, Greybeards, dragons and the Dragonborn(s). Using specific 'words of power' to create magical effects, usually for offensive purposes is how each Shout works; one or two words can be used but they're less powerful than the whole shout. Dragons can master and use it at will since the sacred language is their natural ability coming from their souls at the moment of creation, mortals however need to learn and use it via long meditation and practice. Unless you're a Dragonborn because you're born with the soul of a dragon all up inside the soul of a mortal. (So for dragons breathing fire or frost at each other they're actually having a verbal debate, the giant nerds.)
Dragonborns can intuitively learn Shouts and use them after absorbing dragon Souls, and with that the understanding of the dragons of the words. They can also absorb knowledge from other individuals who have mastered them such as the Greybeards.
BrĂ³nach's list of shouts in Thedas: Unrelenting Force; Fus Ro Dah (Force Balance Push) Your Voice is raw power, pushing aside anything - or anyone - who stands in your path. Whirlwind Sprint; Wuld Nah Kest (Whirlwind Fury Tempest) The Thu'um rushes forward, carrying you in its wake with the speed of a tempest. Dragonrend; Joor Zah Frul (Mortal Finite Temporary) Your voice lashes out at a dragon's very soul, forcing the beast to land. Aura Whisper; Laas Yah Nir (Life Seek Hunt) Your Voice is not a Shout, but a whisper, revealing the life forces of any and all. Throw Voice; Zul Mey Gut (Voice Fool Far) The Thu'um is heard, but its source unknown, fooling those into seeking it out. Marked for Death; Krii Lun Aus (Kill Leech Suffer) Speak, and let your Voice herald doom, as an opponent's armor and lifeforce are weakened. Dismay; Faas Ru Maar (Fear Run Terror) And the weak shall fear the Thu'um, and flee in terror. Bend Will; Gol Hah Dov (Earth Mind Dragon) Your Voice bends the very stones to your will. As it gains power, animals, people and even dragons must do your bidding.
Dragon Shouts
Dragonborns can intuitively learn Shouts and use them after absorbing dragon Souls, and with that the understanding of the dragons of the words. They can also absorb knowledge from other individuals who have mastered them such as the Greybeards.
BrĂ³nach's list of shouts in Thedas:
Unrelenting Force; Fus Ro Dah (Force Balance Push) Your Voice is raw power, pushing aside anything - or anyone - who stands in your path.
Whirlwind Sprint; Wuld Nah Kest (Whirlwind Fury Tempest) The Thu'um rushes forward, carrying you in its wake with the speed of a tempest.
Dragonrend; Joor Zah Frul (Mortal Finite Temporary) Your voice lashes out at a dragon's very soul, forcing the beast to land.
Aura Whisper; Laas Yah Nir (Life Seek Hunt) Your Voice is not a Shout, but a whisper, revealing the life forces of any and all.
Throw Voice; Zul Mey Gut (Voice Fool Far) The Thu'um is heard, but its source unknown, fooling those into seeking it out.
Marked for Death; Krii Lun Aus (Kill Leech Suffer) Speak, and let your Voice herald doom, as an opponent's armor and lifeforce are weakened.
Dismay; Faas Ru Maar (Fear Run Terror) And the weak shall fear the Thu'um, and flee in terror.
Bend Will; Gol Hah Dov (Earth Mind Dragon) Your Voice bends the very stones to your will. As it gains power, animals, people and even dragons must do your bidding.